IQ tests measure motivation - not just intelligence
Intelligence tests are as much a measure of motivation as they are of mental ability, says research from the US.
Intelligence tests are as much a measure of motivation as they are of mental ability, says research from the US.
Researchers
from Pennsylvania found that a high IQ score required both high
intelligence and high motivation but a low IQ score could be the result
of a lack of either factor.
Incentives were also found to increase IQ scores by a noticeable margin.
The study is published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Firstly,
it analysed previous studies of how material incentives affected the
performance of more than 2,000 people in intelligence tests.
Researchers
from the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, found that
incentives increased all IQ scores, but particularly for those of
individuals with lower baseline IQ scores.
Then the same
researchers tested how motivation impacted on the results of IQ tests
and also on predictions of intelligence and performance in later life.
By
using data from a long-term study of 250 boys from adolescence to early
adulthood, they were able to conclude that some individuals try harder
than others in conditions where the stakes are low.
Therefore,
the study says, "relying on IQ scores as a measure of intelligence may
overestimate the predictive validity of intelligence."
Getting a
high score in an IQ test requires both high intelligence and
competitive tendencies to motivate the test-taker to perform to the
best of their ability.
Dr James Thompson, senior honorary
lecturer in psychology at University College London, said it had always
been known that IQ test results are a combination of innate ability and
other variables.
"Life is an IQ test and a personality test and an IQ result contains elements of both (but mostly intelligence).
"If an IQ test doesn't motivate someone then that is a good predictor in itself."
